Molecules of life

Water, inorganic ions and a large array of relatively small organic molecules (e.g. sugars, vitamins, fatty acids) account for 75−80 percent of living matter by weight. 

Of these small molecules, water is by far the most abundant. Each type of small molecule has unique properties arising from the orderly arrangement of its atoms. Small organic molecules are joined inside cells, forming larger molecules called macromolecules.

The four main classes of large biological molecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. 20−25 percent of living matter consists of macromolecules, including proteins, polysaccharides and DNA.

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