The genome of a given organism contains thousands of genes, but not all these genes need to be active at any given moment. A gene is "expressed" when it is being transcribed into mRNA (and translated into protein), and there exist many cellular methods of controlling the expression of genes such that proteins are produced only when needed by the cell. Transcription factors are regulatory proteins that bind to the start of genes, either promoting or inhibiting the transcription of the gene.
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http://www.wonderwhizkids.com/index.php/gene-expression
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http://www.wonderwhizkids.com/index.php/gene-expression
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