What is DNA replication?

Replication is the process by which a cell copies its DNA prior to division. In humans, for example, each parent cell must copy its entire six billion base pairs of DNA before undergoing mitosis. DNA replication is a complex process requiring the intricately timed interaction of a large number of enzymes and accessory binding proteins. Scientists have devoted decades of effort to understand how DNA replicates itself.

In simple terms, replication involves use of an existing strand of DNA as a template for the synthesis of a new, identical strand. The study of DNA replication started almost as soon as the structure of DNA was elucidated, and it continues to this day.

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