Replication is the process by which a cell copies its DNA prior to division. In humans, for example, each parent cell must copy its entire six billion base pairs of DNA before undergoing mitosis. DNA replication is a complex process requiring the intricately timed interaction of a large number of enzymes and accessory binding proteins. Scientists have devoted decades of effort to understand how DNA replicates itself.
In simple terms, replication involves use of an existing strand of DNA as a template for the synthesis of a new, identical strand. The study of DNA replication started almost as soon as the structure of DNA was elucidated, and it continues to this day.
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The idea that organisms pass on information has been with us for centuries – any look at three generations of humans (grandfather, father, and son, say) will usually demonstrate that, somehow, physical features are hereditary. The theory of evolution also assumes that a given generation of a species is a continuation, and perhaps adaptation, from its preceding generations and yet, for a long time, there weren't any good explanations of how species inherit traits.
DNA was isolated in 1869, and over the next 50 years scientists gradually refined their understanding of the molecule. Around 1930, scientists began to hypothesize that DNA was a carrier of hereditary information. In 1943, Oswald Avery confirmed that hypothesis.
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Flat panel displays encompass a growing number of technologies enabling video displays that are lighter and much thinner than traditional television and video displays that use cathode ray tubes, and are usually less than 4 inches (100 mm) thick.
Flat panel displays balance their smaller footprint and trendy modern look with high production costs and in many cases inferior images compared with traditional CRTs. In many applications, specifically modern portable devices such as laptops, cellular phones, and digital cameras, whatever disadvantages are overcome by the portability requirements.
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Dead Sea is a Salt lake (or) inland sea located in a Jordan Valley. The surface of the dead sea is over 1,300 feet below the sea level. It has got the most saline water on Earth with salinity ranging from 28% to 35%. Normal sea water shows the salinity of 3 to 6%.
Hence the Dead sea is almost 6 times saltier than the normal sea water. The dead sea gets saltier as we go deep inside it. Below 300 feet inside the Dead sea the dissolved salt concentration approximates to 332 grams per kilogram of seawater and it is said to be the saturated amount of salt in water.
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A body of solar system consisting of dust and ice can be identified as Comet. Comets are thought to be made of dust, ice (water, ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide), some organic materials and a rocky center. As a comet gets closer to the sun, the ice on the surface of the nucleus begins turning into gas, forming a cloud known as the coma. Radiation from the sun pushes dust particles away from the coma, forming a dust tail, while charged particles from the sun convert some of the comet's gases into ions, forming an ion tail. Since comet tails are shaped by sunlight and the solar wind, they always point away from the sun.
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Cancer is a disease that begins as a renegade human cell over which the body has lost control. In order for the body and its organs to function properly, cell growth needs to be strictly regulated. Cancer cells are not normal and divide rapidly and continuously, creating tumors that crowd out normal cells and eventually rob healthy tissues of nutrients.
The cells of an advanced tumor can separate from the tumor and travel to distant sites in the body, where they take up residence and develop into new tumors and lumps at their own speed. This phenomenon is referred as 'metastasis' (spreading of cancer form one place to another).
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Cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of all living beings. The cell is as fundamental to biology as the atom is to physical sciences. All living things are made up of one or more cells. Cells are the smallest structures capable of independent existence and of performing basic life processes, such as taking in nutrients, expelling waste, and reproducing. Hence cell specialization is also considered as
cell differentiation.
All living beings, plants and animals, start their life with a single cell. Indeed, there are diverse forms of life existing as single−celled organisms or unicellular organisms to multicellular organisms; their bodies are composed of different kinds of specialized cells where they are organized as into higher levels of organization, such as tissue systems and organ systems. Cells are singled out as the organism's basic unit of
life.
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